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1.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 45: e1, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252013

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective. To confirm the absence of Wuchereria bancrofti autochthonous cases in Manaus, a former focus of lymphatic filariasis in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Methods. A field survey was carried out in 2016 using immunochromatographic rapid tests (ICT card) for the detection of circulating filarial antigens in blood. The sample included a group of 3 000 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years enrolled in schools from different urban areas of Manaus (including the former lymphatic filariasis focus in the city) and a group of 709 adolescents and adults, between the ages of 11 and 85 years, born and raised in different areas of Manaus. Results. All of the individuals tested negative for W. bancrofti antigen. Conclusions. Although Manaus was once considered endemic, this focus no longer seems to be active for lymphatic filariasis transmission. The results of this study could support the certification by the World Health Organization of the lymphatic filariasis transmission elimination exercise in Brazil.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Confirmar la ausencia de casos autóctonos de Wuchereria bancrofti en Manaos, anteriormente un foco de filariasis linfática en la Amazonia occidental de Brasil. Métodos. En el 2016 se llevó a cabo una encuesta en el terreno con pruebas rápidas inmunocromatográficas (tiras inmunocromatográficas) para detectar antígenos filáricos circulantes en sangre. La muestra constó de un grupo de 3 000 escolares de 6 a 10 años matriculados en escuelas de diferentes zonas urbanas de Manaos (incluida la zona que anteriormente era el foco de filariasis linfática en la ciudad) y de un grupo de 709 adolescentes y adultos, de edades comprendidas entre 11 y 85 años, nacidos y criados en diferentes áreas de Manaos. Resultados. Todas las personas dieron negativo en la prueba de antígeno de Wuchereria bancrofti. Conclusiones. Aunque hubo un tiempo en que Manaos se consideraba zona endémica, parece que este foco de transmisión de la filariasis linfática ya no está activo. Los resultados de este estudio podrían brindar apoyo a la certificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud respecto de los esfuerzos realizados en Brasil para eliminar la transmisión de la filariasis linfática.


RESUMO Objetivo. Confirmar a ausência de casos autóctones de Wuchereria bancrofti em Manaus, anteriormente um foco da filariose linfática na parte leste da Amazônia brasileira. Métodos. Uma pesquisa de campo foi realizada em 2016 com o uso de teste rápido por imunocromatografia (cartão ICT) para detecção de antígenos de microfilárias circulantes no sangue. A amostra estudada consistiu de um grupo de 3 000 crianças escolares entre 6 e 10 anos de idade matriculados em escolas de diferentes áreas da zona urbana de Manaus (englobando a área anteriormente com o foco de filariose linfática) e um grupo de 709 adolescentes e adultos entre 11 e 85 anos de idade nascidos e crescidos em diferentes áreas de Manaus. Resultados. Todos os indivíduos pesquisados tiveram teste negativo para o antígeno da W. bancrofti. Conclusões. Apesar de Manaus ter sido anteriormente uma área endêmica, parece que não existe mais foco ativo de transmissão da filariose linfática na cidade. Os resultados deste estudo podem servir para embasar a certificação pela Organização Mundial da Saúde da eliminação da transmissão da filariose linfática no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Wuchereria bancrofti/parasitology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/blood , Elephantiasis, Filarial/transmission , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(2): 256-259, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041403

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a public health problem in Haiti. Thus, the emigration of Haitians to Brazil is worrisome because of the risk for LF re-emergence. METHODS: Blood samples of Haitian immigrants, aged ≥18 years, who emigrated to Manaus (Brazilian Amazon), were examined using thick blood smears, membrane blood filtration, and immunochromatography. RESULTS: Of the 244 immigrants evaluated, 1 (0.4%) tested positive for W. bancrofti; 11.5% reported as having received LF treatment in Haiti. CONCLUSIONS: The re-emergence of LF in Manaus is unlikely, due to its low prevalence and low density of microfilaremia among the assessed Haitian immigrants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Wuchereria bancrofti/immunology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/diagnosis , Antigens, Helminth/blood , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Chromatography, Affinity , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , Emigrants and Immigrants , Haiti/ethnology , Middle Aged
3.
Bull. W.H.O. (Online) ; 95(9): 618-628, 2017.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1259912

ABSTRACT

Problem Lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis are the major causes of tropical lymphoedema in Ethiopia. The diseases require a similar provision of care, but until recently the Ethiopian health system did not integrate the morbidity management. Approach To establish health-care services for integrated lymphoedema morbidity management, the health ministry and partners used existing governmental structures. Integrated disease mapping was done in 659 out of the 817 districts, to identify endemic districts. To inform resource allocation, trained health extension workers carried out integrated disease burden assessments in 56 districts with a high clinical burden. To ensure standard provision of care, the health ministry developed an integrated lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis morbidity management guideline, containing a treatment algorithm and a defined package of care. Experienced professionals on lymphoedema management trained government-employed health workers on integrated morbidity management. To monitor the integration, an indicator on the number of lymphoedema-treated patients was included in the national health management information system.Local setting In 2014, only 24% (87) of the 363 health facilities surveyed provided lymphatic filariasis services, while 12% (44) provided podoconiosis services.Relevant changes To date, 542 health workers from 53 health centres in 24 districts have been trained on integrated morbidity management. Between July 2013 and June 2016, the national health management information system has recorded 46 487 treated patients from 189 districts.Lessons learnt In Ethiopia, an integrated approach for lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis morbidity management was feasible. The processes used could be applicable in other settings where these diseases are co-endemic


Subject(s)
Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control , Elephantiasis/therapy , Ethiopia , Health Promotion/economics
4.
Recife; s.n; 2015. 72 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-871416

ABSTRACT

A filariose linfática (FL) ou bancroftiana é uma doença parasitária causada por Wuchereria bancrofti, um verme filarial transmitido no Brasil pelo mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) esta doença afeta 120 milhões de pessoas em 58 países. Portanto, para enfrentar a FL, a OMS lançou um programa global para eliminá-la até 2020 e o Brasil tornou signatário dessa proposta criando o Plano Nacional de Eliminação da Filariose Linfática (PNEFL). Atualmente, a Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR) é uma área de importante transmissibilidade e, assim, foi preconizado o Tratamento Coletivo (TC) da população com o medicamento Dietilcarbamazina (DEC) e o controle vetorial para reduzir a transmissão da doença. Como ferramenta complementar, desde a vigilância até a verificação da eliminação, o xenomonitoramento molecular (baseado na PCR para detecção de W. bancrofti em mosquitos) é um importante método não invasivo para monitorar indiretamente se a transmissão de larvas de W. bancrofti está ocorrendo na população humana. A fim de verificar a taxa de infecção vetorial no mosquito C. quinquefasciatus pela W. bancrofti foram coletadas 43.981 fêmeas do mosquito em doze localidades na RMR. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um novo protocolo (PCR duplex) para o diagnóstico de infecção vetorial e o número ideal de fêmeas por pools foi estabelecido. Os resultados mostraram que Linha do Tiro (Recife), uma área com alto índice de microfilaremia na população humana, apresentou status de transmissão durante o TC com uma taxa de infecção vetorial de 0,80 por cento, diferente das outras localidades com transmissão reduzida não foram detectados pools positivos. Portanto, observa-se que onde o TC é conduzido a taxa de infecção vetorial tende a ser reduzida. O xenomonitoramento molecular é um indicador importante para avaliação da eficiência das estratégias do PGEFL implantado em áreas endêmicas, até que ocorra a certificação da interrupção do ciclo de transmissão da filariose.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Culex/parasitology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/diagnosis , Pathology, Molecular , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Wuchereria bancrofti , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Helminth/analysis , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/transmission , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Metropolitan Zones , Mosquito Control , Population Surveillance
5.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-159745

ABSTRACT

Background: Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is the world's second leading cause of long-term disability. The current estimate reveals that 120 million people in 83 countries of the world are infected with LF parasites and more than 20% of the world's population are at risk of acquiring infection. The present study was con-ducted to assess the program effectiveness of the 2-drug strategy in terms of actual coverage, compliance rates of MDA against filariasis in the district along with the reasons for non-compliance. Objectives: To eval-uate independently the MDA Programme against Filariasis with respect to its coverage and compliance among the community. To know the reasons for non-compliance. Materials and Methods: A Community based Cross-Sectional Study was conducted in Bijapur District. A total of four clusters, one urban and three rural clusters were selected randomly. All the sampled eligible population who belong to the MDA campaign area were included. The eligible population did not include pregnant and lactating women, children below two years of age and seriously ill persons. The data were collected in pretested Performa, tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2013 and analysed using OPENEpi software. Results: The demographic profile of the study sample is as follows, 67.6% of the population were in the age group of 14-60 years. Male to female ratio was equal. 66.48% of the study population were from rural area and 33.52% were from urban area. 81.63% of the population received the drugs. 79.21% of the population consumed the DEC and Albendazole tablets. 14.60% of the sample population did not consume. Major reasons for not taking tablets were fear of side effects (56.67%) and 22.50% forgotten to take the tablets. Conclusions: The effective coverage was below the target (85%). The overall coverage was better in rural areas compared with urban areas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use , Drug Administration Schedule/methods , Drug Combinations/administration & dosage , Elephantiasis, Filarial/drug therapy , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Compliance , Young Adult
6.
Recife; s.n; 2014. 70 p. graf, mapas.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-750256

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho analisou o efeito do tratamento em massa com doses únicas anuais de Dietilcarbamazina (DEC), no período de 2007 a 2012, em indivíduos infectados por Wuchereria bancrofti, residentes em Olinda - PE. Para essa análise foram utilizadas as técnicas de filtração em membrana, na detecção da microfilaremia, o teste do cartão ICT e o Og4C3-ELISA, na detecção do antígeno circulante filarial, e o teste BM14 na avaliação dos níveis de anticorpos antifilariais. Os resultados obtidos indicam redução nas características avaliadas: após a quarta dose de DEC, a microfilaremia reduziu 100 por cento e a antigenemia pelo cartão ICT atingiu 78,1 por cento de redução após a quinta dose. A mediana do Og4C3 caiu significativamente de 7117 ua, para 1715 ua após a terceira dose, último ano que o teste foi realizado. Observou-se curva de redução também nos níveis de Bm14, com mediana da densidade ótica caindo de 2,1 para 0,1 após a quinta dose. A diminuição nas taxas das características estudadas indica que o tempo preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde para a eliminação da transmissão da FL na área é suficiente para a negativação das microfilárias. Os resultados desse estudo mostram a elevada eficácia do esquema terapêutico utilizado no clareamento da microfilaremia e tratamento dos infectados, e sugerem que a utilização desse esquema na população possivelmente tenha levado a interrupção da transmissão na área. Sugere-se que haja um acompanhamento maior que cinco anos da população submetida ao tratamento para uma melhor avaliação dos níveis de anticorpos e de antigenemia filarial circulante...


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/therapy , Wuchereria bancrofti/immunology , Age Distribution , Antibodies, Helminth , Antigens, Helminth , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Microfilariae , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sex Distribution
7.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 89(3): 250-255, maio-jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679304

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de infecção filarial e de parasitoses intestinais em escolares numa área endêmica de filariose e refletir sobre a opção terapêutica utilizada no Brasil no tratamento coletivo para filariose. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 508 alunos na faixa etária de 5-18 anos cadastrados em escolas públicas do município de Olinda-PE. Realizou-se a investigação da parasitose intestinal em três amostras de fezes, analisadas pelo método de Hoffmann, Pons e Janer. A investigação filarial foi feita com teste antigênico pela técnica de imunocromatográfica rápida (ICT) e pesquisa de microfilárias, utilizando filtração em membrana de policarbonato. Para análise de dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva através do programa EpiInfo versão 7. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de filariose por ICT foi de 13,8% e por microfilaremia de 1,2%, enquanto a de parasitoses intestinais foi 64,2%. A concomitância do diagnóstico filarial e de parasitoses intestinais foi de 9,4% e, 31,5% eram isentos de ambas as parasitoses. Entre os indivíduos com parasitoses intestinais, 55% eram monoparasitados e 45% poliparasitados. A presença de geohelmintos ocorreu em 72,5% dos parasitados. No grupo com infecção filarial a ocorrência de geohelmintíase foi de 54,5%. CONCLUSÕES: O diagnóstico simultâneo de infecção filarial e parasitose intestinal, bem como a elevada frequência de geohelmintos justificam uma reavaliação da estratégia terapêutica do tratamento coletivo no programa de filariose no Brasil.


OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and intestinal parasitic infections in school-aged children living in a filariasis endemic area and discuss about the therapeutic regimen adopted in Brazil for the large-scale treatment of filariasis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 508 students aged 5-18 years old, enrolled in public schools within the city of Olinda, Pernambuco. The presence of intestinal parasites was analyzed using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer method on 3 stool samples. The diagnosis of filarial infection was performed using the rapid immunochromatographic technique (ICT) for the antigen, and the polycarbonate membrane filtration for the presence of microfilariae. Descriptive statistics of the data was performed using EpiInfo version 7. RESULTS: The prevalence of filariasis was 13.8% by ICT and 1.2% by microfilaraemia, while intestinal parasites were detected in 64.2% of cases. Concurrent diagnosis of filariasis and intestinal parasites was 9.4%, while 31.5% of students were parasite-free. Among individuals with intestinal parasites, 55% had one parasite and 45% had more than one parasite. Geohelminths occurred in 72.5% of the parasited individuals. In the group with filarial infection the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis was 54.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous diagnosis of filariasis and intestinal parasites as well as the high frequency of geohelminths justify the need to reevaluate the treatment strategy used in the Brazilian filariasis large-scale treatment program.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Neglected Diseases/epidemiology , Soil/parasitology , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , Drug Therapy, Combination , Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control , Filtration/methods , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Helminthiasis/transmission , Chromatography, Affinity/methods , Membranes, Artificial , Microfilariae/immunology , Neglected Diseases/prevention & control , Prevalence , Students/statistics & numerical data
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(2): 214-220, Mar-Apr/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674641

ABSTRACT

Introduction The aim of this work was to identify possible lymphatic filariasis foci in the western Brazilian Amazonian that could be established from the reports of Rachou in the 1950s. The study was conducted in three cities of the western Brazilian Amazon region - Porto Velho and Guajará-Mirim (State of Rondônia) and Humaitá (State of Amazonas). Methods For human infection evaluation thick blood smear stained with Giemsa was used to analyze samples collected from 10pm to 1am. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine mosquito vectors for the presence of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA. Humans were randomly sampled from night schools students and from inhabitants in neighborhoods lacking sanitation. Mosquitoes were collected from residences only. Results A total 2,709 night students enrolled in the Program for Education of Young Adults (EJA), and 935 people registered in the residences near the schools were examined, being 641 from Porto Velho, 214 from Guajará-Mirim and 80 from Humaitá. No individual examined was positive for the presence of microfilariae in the blood stream. A total of 7,860 female Culex quinquefasciatus specimens examined were negative by PCR. Conclusions This survey including human and mosquito examinations indicates that the western Amazon region of Brazil is not a focus of Bancroftian filariasis infection or transmission. Therefore, there is no need to be included in the Brazilian lymphatic filariasis control program. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Humans , Young Adult , Culicidae/parasitology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Wuchereria bancrofti/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Helminth/analysis , Elephantiasis, Filarial/diagnosis , Elephantiasis, Filarial/transmission , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Population Surveillance , Wuchereria bancrofti/isolation & purification
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(6): 745-750, Nov.-Dec. 2012. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-661078

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched with the goal of eliminating this disease via the annual mass drug administration (MDA) of a single dose of antifilarial drugs. Adverse drug reactions following MDA are a major factor of poor treatment adherence in several countries. This study assessed the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following the first round of mass treatment in two communities treated with different dosages of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in the City of Recife, Brazil. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in a random sample of the population living in both communities (Areas I and II). The dose of DEC recommended by the WHO (6mg/kg) was calculated based on the individual's weight-for-age. In Area II, weight differences between the genders were also considered when determining dosage. Data were obtained through interviews conducted in the first 12 to 48h and on the 5th day after MDA during household visits. RESULTS: A total of 487 and 365 individuals were interviewed in Areas I and II, respectively. The prevalence of ADRs in Area I (23.6; 95%CI: 19.1-29.5) was higher than in Area II (16.2; 95%CI:11.9-21.5)(p=0.0078). The prevalence of ADRs among females was higher than in males in Area I (p=0.0021). In Area II, no significant difference between the genders was observed (p=0.1840). Age was not associated with ADRs in either area. CONCLUSIONS: Adjusting MDA dosage schedules according to weight-for-age and sex may be may contribute to reduce the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in the population.


INTRODUÇÃO: O Programa Global de Eliminação da Filariose Linfática foi lançado visando à eliminação da doença pela administração de medicamentos em massa (MDA). As reações adversas seguidas ao MDA são um importante fator de baixa adesão ao tratamento em vários países. Este estudo avaliou a ocorrência de reações adversas medicamentosas (ADRs) após a primeira dose de tratamento em massa em duas comunidades tratadas com diferentes doses de dietilcarbamazina (DEC), na Cidade de Recife, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudos transversais foram realizados em uma amostra aleatória da população de duas áreas (Áreas I e II). A dose de DEC recomendada pela OMS (6mg/kg) foi calculada com base em parâmetros populacionais de peso para a idade. Na Área II, diferenças de peso entre os sexos também foram consideradas no cálculo. Dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas nas primeiras 12 às 48h e 5º dia após o tratamento durante visitas domiciliares. RESULTADOS: Um total de 487 e 365 pessoas foi entrevistado nas Áreas I e II, respectivamente. A prevalência de ADRs na Área I (23,6; IC95%: 19,1-29,5) foi maior do que na Área II (16,2; IC 95%:11,9-21,5)(p=0,0078). Na Área I, a prevalência de ADRs foi maior nas mulheres do que nos homens (p=0,0021), não se observando diferença na Área II (p=0,1840). Idade não esteve associada à ADRs. CONCLUSÕES: Doses de tratamento em massa (MDA) ajustadas por peso para a idade e sexo parecem contribuir para redução da ocorrência de ADRs na população.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Diethylcarbamazine/adverse effects , Elephantiasis, Filarial/drug therapy , Filaricides/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diethylcarbamazine/administration & dosage , Endemic Diseases , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Filaricides/administration & dosage , Prevalence
10.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135732

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Observation of an increased frequency of an intermediate deficiency of serum alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) in patients with Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia (TPE) was earlier reported. Though the possibility of existence of an acquired deficiency was suggested, without phenotyping a hereditary α1-AT deficiency in TPE could not totally be ruled out. In this study, we have done Pi (Protease inhibitor) phenotyping to investigate the possibility of association of any heterozygous (or homozygous) α1-AT deficiency in patients with TPE. Methods: Serum a1antitrypsin (α1-AT) was measured in 103 patients (Group A) with TPE, 99 patients with pulmonary eosinophilia who had associated intestinal worm infestation (Group B) and 43 healthy volunteers who served as controls. In 19 α1-AT deficient patients (9 of Group A and 10 of Group B), α1-AT level was measured before and after treatment. In 58 patients with TPE and in 5 controls, phenotyping was done. Results: Fifteen patients of Group A and 16 from Group B showed intermediate α1-AT deficiency (150 mg % or less. None of the control subjects had α1-AT deficiency (<200 mg%). After treatment with DEC and/or deworming, in 19 patients there was a significant (P < 0.001) rise in α1-AT levels. Results of phenotyping showed that all had M1 or M2 allele and none had S or Z variant (either homozygous or heterozygous) thus ruling out any underlying genetic cause for the observed α1-AT deficiency. Interpretation & conclusions: The observed α1-AT deficiency may be due to the chronic inflammation in TPE and associated oxidative stress. However, in such α1-AT deficient patients with TPE and those with worm infested pulmonary eosinophilia, faecal α1-AT concentration and faecal α1-AT clearance should be routinely estimated to rule out the possibility of any intestinal protein loss.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Alleles , Animals , Case-Control Studies , Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Female , Filariasis/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Oxidative Stress , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/complications , Wuchereria bancrofti/isolation & purification , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/blood , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/blood , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/etiology , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics
11.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 14(2): 125-128, Mar.-Apr. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548456

ABSTRACT

The family and neighbors of a patient infected with W. bancrofti microfilariae were assessed aiming to evaluate the occurrence of cases of lymphatic filariasis in a non-endemic area in the city of Maceió, in the Brazilian state of Alagoas. The patient had previously lived in an endemic focus; however, he has been living in an area where the parasite has never been detected for the past ten years. Female ingurgitated Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes captured in the houses of the microfilaremic individual and of his neighbors in the non-endemic region were also examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The thick blood smear examination, blood membrane filtration, and rapid immunochromatography (antigen search) revealed no infected individuals in the family of the microfilaremic individual. All 334 neighbors undergoing the thick blood smear examination were negative for W. bancrofti microfilariae. In 478 ingurgitated C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes examined by PCR, no W. bancrofti DNA was detected. The microfilaremic individual had a microfilaremia considered very low according to WHO standards (4 microfilariae/mL of blood). As the vectorial infection depends on microfilaremia, the patient's low parasite load did not determine the contamination of other individuals in the area. Our data have shown that the long-term residence of the microfilaremic individual in the non-endemic region was not sufficient to start a new transmission focus of lymphatic filariasis in Maceió.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Culex/parasitology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/diagnosis , Wuchereria bancrofti/isolation & purification , Brazil/epidemiology , Contact Tracing/methods , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Family , Polymerase Chain Reaction
12.
Recife; s.n; 2010. 26 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-638846

ABSTRACT

A filariose linfática é uma parasitose debilitante, endêmica em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, que acomete cerca de 120 milhões de pessoas em todo mundo. O agente etiológico responsável por essa enfermidade no Brasil é o helminto da espécie Wuchereria bancrofti. Atualmente, a Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR), em Pernambuco, é a localidade de maior endemicidade e onde ainda há registros de transmissão ativa desta infecção. Nesse estado encontramos o Serviço de Referência Nacional em Filarioses (SRNF), localizado no Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz e único serviço nacionalmente reconhecido referente a esse agravo. Credenciado oficialmente no ano de 2002, o SRNF desenvolve atividades clínicas, laboratoriais, pesquisa e assistência relacionadas à investigação e ao acompanhamento de pacientes filarêmicos. O presente trabalho descreve o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos pelo SRNF, durante o período de 2002 a 2008. Optamos por um estudo do tipo transversal, no qual trabalhamos com informações existentes nos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no SRNF durante o período mencionado. Em 1.109 prontuários de atendimento selecionados para o estudo, 358 foram definidos como sendo de indivíduos positivos ou microfilarêmicos, baseado na técnica da filtração em membrana, ou seja, presença de formas embrionárias do verme em amostras biológicas de sangue. A demanda maior de pacientes encaminhados ao SRNF (85,4 por cento) correspondeu aos residentes na RMR, tendo o município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes à maior ocorrência de indivíduos infectados (76,8 por cento). Os homens apresentaram maior número de manifestações clínicas (55,4 por cento), sendo a queixa mais referida hidrocele. A faixa etária com maior positividade concentrou-se entre os 18 e 28 anos. Os casos positivos ocorreram em maior número na população do gênero masculino, que apresentou uma prevalência de 1,59 em relação à população do gênero feminino. A partir destes achados consideramos que o perfil epidemiológico apresentado pelos pacientes atendidos no SRNF não é diferente dos outros descritos na literatura sobre tal matéria. Pretendemos usar as informações encontradas na obtenção de elementos que proporcionem o desenvolvimento da qualidade dos serviços prestados e melhoria do Serviço de Referência.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endemic Diseases/prevention & control , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control , Health Profile , Medical Records , Quality of Health Care
17.
Ceylon Med J ; 2008 Mar; 53(1): 13-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-49097

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In July 2006 Sri Lanka completed 5 rounds of annual mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) and albendazole as part of its national programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF). Albendazole is highly effective against soil-transmitted helminths (STH). This study was carried out to assess the effect of repeated annual MDA on STH infections in the Western Province of Sri Lanka, an area co-endemic for LF and STH. METHODS: Faecal samples were obtained (during August-September 2006), from grade 5 students in 17 schools in the Western Province that were included in a national survey of schoolchildren's health in 2003, and examined using the modified Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence and intensity of roundworm, whipworm and hookworm infections in 2003 and 2006 were compared. RRESULTS:Faecal samples from 255 children were examined in 2003; 448 were examined in 2006. Roundworm prevalence was marginally lower in 2006 (4.0%) than in 2003 (4.7%), as was hookworm (0.2% vs 0.4%), whereas whipworm prevalence was higher (13.8% vs 9.4%). These differences as well as that between the geometric mean egg counts were not statistically significant. Compliance with MDA in 2006, as reported by the schoolchildren examined, was only 59%. CCONCLUSIONS:Four annual rounds of MDA with DEC and albendazole had virtually no effect on STH infections in the study area.


Subject(s)
Albendazole/administration & dosage , Animals , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Child , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Diethylcarbamazine/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Filaricides/administration & dosage , Helminths/isolation & purification , Humans , Prevalence , Sri Lanka/epidemiology , Time Factors
18.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 41(1): 29-35, jan.-fev. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-478891

ABSTRACT

Os autores abordam aspectos da realidade social de crianças e adolescentes residentes em Jaboatão dos Guararapes/PE, diagnosticados como portadores de infecção filarial bancroftiana e tratados no Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência em Filariose da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Centro de Ciências da Saúde), um serviço terciário de referência para filariose. Quantificam e classificam as condições de moradia como subumanas, estando em relação direta com a manutenção da transmissão da bancroftose, e alertam para a necessidade de decisão política quanto à implementação de obras de saneamento básico.


The authors report on aspects of the social realities of children and adolescents living in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, State of Pernambuco, who were diagnosed with Bancroftian filariasis infection and were treated at the Filariasis Teaching, Research and Care Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco (Health Sciences Center), which is a tertiary-level reference service for filariasis. The patients’ housing conditions were quantified and classified as subhuman, with a direct relationship with the maintenance of Bancroftian filariasis transmission, and the authors highlight the need for political decisions regarding the implementation of basic sanitation projects.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Endemic Diseases , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/therapy , Housing/standards , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
19.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2007 Jul; 25(3): 253-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-54200

ABSTRACT

This study examined circulating filarial antigen by monoclonal antibody Og4C3-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 114 men with hydrocele, living in an endemic area. Nocturnal blood and hydrocele fluid were collected and examined for microfilaria. ELISA was performed on serum and hydrocele fluid for detection of antigen. Amongst 114 cases, 5(4.4%) showed microfilaria in blood but none in fluid. ELISA was positive in 13(11.40%) serum and 5 (4.4%) fluid samples. All five fluid antigen positive cases were positive for antibodies and showed microfilaria in blood. These findings emphasize the use of circulating filarial antigen detection and alternative usage of hydrocele fluid for diagnosis of filariasis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Antigens, Helminth/analysis , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Filariasis/epidemiology , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Testicular Hydrocele/parasitology , Wuchereria bancrofti/immunology
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